مجله نظارت و بازرسی
پیاپی 66 (زمستان 1402)

 Despite the importance of female police in establishing community security, few attempts have been made to identify their work challenges. The issue of the current research emphasizes the individual and family challenges of employing female police officers in the police command of West Azarbaijan province, and the recognition of the challenges ahead is the focus of the goal.

 The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its approach, it is a qualitative study based on thematic analysis method. The statistical population of this research was composed of deputies, regional commanders, managers and female employees in 1401. The purposeful sampling method was based on criteria and the sample size was 45 people at the theoretical saturation limit. To collect data, semi-structured interview and open questions were used, and the main themes were analyzed using the 7-step method of Claisey.

 Based on qualitative findings from the content of the interviewees, 5 themes were identified in the field of individual challenges and 7 themes in the field of family challenges. The obtained themes indicated that in the majority of cases the respondents confirm the importance of the extracted themes at a high level.

 The results of the research showed that factors such as trying to gradually change the society's view of female police officers, introducing successful models of female police officers, establishing new laws and regulations, and obtaining the theory of mujtahids regarding the use of female police officers in solving problems and obstacles to The employment of police women in law enforcement missions is effective.

 The tendency of employees to commit financial crimes is affected by internal and external organizational variables, since it is not possible to identify and modify external organizational variables that are especially rooted in the macro structure of society, therefore, identifying internal organizational factors affecting the tendency of employees Financial crimes with the aim of correcting them are more important in this research. This research has been done with the aim of identifying the organizational factors affecting employees' orientation.

 The method of this research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of Payvar and Peymani employees, which was selected using Morgan's sample size table, was 336 people. The data was collected through a questionnaire with closed questions. The validity of the research tool was calculated using the study of scientific and library sources, the views of professors and elites related to the research topic, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test at 0.91. Finally, the research data has been analyzed with Friedman's test and sample t-test.

 The findings indicate that the highest average of research variables affecting the tendency of employees to commit financial crimes are: organization structure variables (3.85), first rank; Duties of managers (3/69), second rank; Monitoring and control system (3/32) ranks third and organizational culture (3/15) ranks fourth.

 According to the finding of the priority of influence in the findings, it is necessary to take corrective actions from the highest priority that has the most impact in order to reduce the tendency of employees to this problem.

 The police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran has considered the management of safety and maintenance of employees in addition to its inherent and legal duties. This research was done with the aim of knowing the structural, contextual and behavioral factors affecting the reduction of human casualties in FARAJA.

 This research was conducted in terms of practical results and in a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). In this research, the sampling was purposeful and while reviewing the files of the last three years, accidents at the level of FARAJA in operational units were collected based on the designed checklist.

 In this study, it was found that 0.12 percent of drivers died out of the total traffic accidents in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Of course, according to the present study, death has no significant relationship with the investigated factors. In terms of the causes of accidents, the three main causes of accidents, including violation of the safe speed, the driver's inability to control the vehicle, and not paying attention to the front are clearly and statistically significantly related to the injury of another person in the accident. In this study, it was proved by statistical methods that the most damage was seen in the pursuit mission.

 Given that corporate vehicle accidents are one of the basic problems in FARAJA operations; Until now, it was thought that only the drivers of the organization are the main culprits of such accidents; While the investigations showed, there are several factors that can play a role in the occurrence of these accidents apart from the drivers, the most important of which are the previous defects of the vehicle used in the missions (including brake and tire defects) as well as the lack of access to appropriate vehicles for the missions. 

 Respecting the citizenship rights of the accused is a legal and customary requirement, however, there are always challenges and obstacles in the process of performing the duties and missions assigned to the police, which can be categorized in different formats, considering that one of the The most prominent of them is "individual challenges". This research has been done with the aim of identifying individual challenges and providing scientific and practical solutions to solve or reduce these challenges.  

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. A total of 18 police experts, law enforcement officers, judicial authorities, and university professors participated in the research and were selected using a theoretical and purposeful sampling method. The data were collected using the in-depth interview method and analyzed with the grounded theory method and according to the three stages of coding, using the Max Kyuda software.

In general, 10 sub-categories were created in the data analysis process, and from the combination of these sub-categories, 3 main categories were extracted, including "mental-psychological factors", "incompatibility of the accused" and "individual-skill characteristics of the officers". and finally, the core category (selective code) of this research was determined as the individual challenges of police officers regarding the citizenship rights of the accused, which includes all other categories of the research.

The results showed that the importance of solving these challenges is so great that if they are not solved, it will certainly lead to prejudice against the police, the occurrence of service and judicial problems for the employees, and the weakening and violation of the citizenship rights of the accused.

 The occurrence of the crime of bribery by Faraja employees causes insecurity and a decrease in people's trust in Faraja and finally, pessimism towards the system. Wide security measures and many efforts have been made to reduce and curb the crime of bribery, as a result of factors such as the inadequacy of security measures or the low impact of these measures and they have not been carried out.

 This research is quantitative in nature (descriptive-survey) and practical in terms of purpose, the method of gathering information is survey, and based on this, the tool for gathering information in the research is a researcher-made questionnaire and a survey. The research is done on the whole number and includes 76 people from the target population in Fatab. The analysis of the collected data was done using appropriate quantitative statistical methods of regression using "SPSS1" software, and for the purpose of theoretical analysis, The opinions of elites in the field of crime prevention have also been used.

 The results of this research show that the protection measures taken include: guidance, awareness classes, warnings and notices, question and answer sessions using three factors, individual and social. and organization such as: faith, righteous action, self-knowledge, sincerity, patience, guidance and guidance, social justice, implementation of divine laws, healthy family, organizational justice, religious organizational culture and discipline, each of them is effective in its own way and It hinders the progress of damages and threats and they play an important role in preventing bribery crimes. 

 According to the research results, the positive effect of security measures in preventing the occurrence of bribery crimes by employees as the main indicator of prevention has played a positive role in this field. Based on the ranking of the effectiveness of security measures, question and answer sessions have won the first place, which has a significant role in protection and prevention of harm and threats, so it is necessary to hold question and answer sessions in a planned manner on the agenda of respected commanders and officials.

 In order to control air accidents and build trust among the public, airlines require compliance the laws related to social responsibility in the organization. Organizations are obliged to perform their duties regarding social responsibility when citizens are fully aware of their citizenship rights. The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of observing citizenship rights on air accidents with the mediating role of social responsibility.

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was made up of a number of Police aviation employees. Statistical sample, 290 people have been selected by simple random sampling method. To collect data, three standard questionnaires were used, the reliability and validity of which were confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and Lawshe coefficient and by professors and experts familiar with the subject. Data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS software through the methods of descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis.

 Among the dimensions of citizenship rights respectively, social rights, political rights, and civil rights have the most explanations. Among the dimensions of the organization's social responsibility respectively, legal responsibility, economic responsibility, moral responsibility, and friendly type responsibility have the most explanations. Among the dimensions of air accident control respectively, environmental factors, human factors, hardware factors, and software factors have the most explanations.

 The results show that citizenship rights have a positive and significant effect on the control of air accidents through the Mediator variable of social responsibility and directly.

 The suffering and pain caused by toxic behaviors has permeated not only human life but also organizational life. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model of toxic behavior of employees in the public sector.

 This research is basic in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of method. In the qualitative phase of the research, a semi-structured interview was conducted through the foundation's data theory, and for this purpose, 13 people were selected purposefully and snowballed from experts and management experts in the public sector. And in the quantitative part, the validity and evaluation of the research model was evaluated through the model indicators in PLS software version 3. For this purpose, using a questionnaire and through multi-stage cluster sampling, 385 employees of government organizations were evaluated. Selection and questionnaire will be distributed among them and opinions will be asked.

 Based on the results of the research and data analysis, open coding, central coding, and selective coding were done in three stages, and then based on the foundation theory model (causal factors, main phenomenon, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and Results) The target model was developed. And based on the findings of structural equation modeling, the results showed that the measurement model has validity (divergent and convergent), reliability (Cronbach's alpha, shared and combined reliability) and appropriate quality. Also, the assumptions were confirmed in the structural model.

 The model of this research, in addition to enriching the literature on the toxic behavior of employees, can help managers of government organizations in planning to identify and screen contaminated behaviors and achieve organizational health, and in the face of such deadly behaviors from employees, positive leadership and adopt a reasonable.